Fast Facts

ALSO KNOWN AS: Domestic rat or fancy rat

WEIGHT: Males: 1-1.5 lb, Females: 0.5-1 lb

LIFESPAN: 2-3 years

FUN FACT: Rats will grind their teeth when they are content — this is called bruxing!

Food

• High-quality rodent chow (called rat blocks) should be the main food source. Avoid rat foods with artificial coloring or corn products. Seed and grain mixtures can be used to supplement the rat block diet.
• Fresh, clean water in a water bottle should always be available.
• You may offer small amounts of fresh fruits and vegetables as well as healthy “people food” such as pasta, sugar-free cereal or dried fruit.

Housing & Environment

• A solid bottom, powder-coated wire cage with multiple levels is recommended. Rats enjoy climbing and exercising, so the larger the cage, the better! Cages sold for ferrets are perfect for rats as long as they can’t fit through the bars.
• Provide a litter box lined with paper-based bedding.
• Spot clean the cage daily and deep clean at least once a week using vinegar and water or mild soap and water.
• Keep the cage indoors — away from drafts, extreme temperatures or direct sunlight. A room where the family gathers in the evening is ideal.
• Provide a cave-like enclosure for sleeping and resting, as well as a hammock.
• Provide shredded paper towels, newspapers or old t-shirts for nesting. Towels are not recommended because they have long threads.
• Rats are very social creatures and should be housed with at least one other rat friend. Do not house intact males and females together.
• Provide safe toys to help wear down teeth, which are continuously growing — including cardboard tubes and untreated wood blocks.
•  Provide daily exercise time outside of the cage to keep your rat happy.

Behavior & Handling

• Rats are friendly and curious by nature, but it may take time for your rat to get to know you.
• Use small treats to coax a rat to the front of their cage. Do not attempt to pet or pick up a rat that is puffing up their fur or backing away from you.
• Pick them up carefully, using minimal restraint, and allow them to climb on your lap and shoulders.

Signs of Illness

Bring your rat to a small pet or exotics veterinarian annually for check-ups. Seek help immediately if you notice signs of illness — including sneezing, difficulty breathing, lethargy, lumps, sores, diarrhea, dental issues, hair loss, weight loss or changes in behavior.

Rat Supply Checklist

• Spacious cage
• Rat blocks (Harlan Teklad brand or similar)
• Seed and grain mixture
• Paper-based bedding
• Hammocks
• Water bottle
• Small, heavy food dish
• Untreated wood or cardboard toys