Behavior Challenges: Overexcited and Energetic Cats
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Behavior Challenges: Overexcited and Energetic Cats
One of the best things about having a cat is watching them play! There’s something undeniably adorable about watching a cat run, leap or skid across the floor and then take off in the opposite direction to start all over again. But however adorable their kitty “zoomies” might be, there are plenty of playful behaviors that may become irritating or even downright painful to a human housemate.
If you’ve been woken up during the night by an overly active cat, had your foot pounced on while walking down the hall or watched your cat climb to the top of your expensive new curtains — you are not alone. While these behaviors may be bothersome to us, they are not random. In this article, we will explore the reasons behind some of these behaviors and give tips on how to manage or prevent them.
Cats Need to Play
The amount of playtime a cat needs varies based on their age and personality. Most cats choose certain games because they appeal to natural feline characteristics. Our task as good cat companions is to teach our kitties what is and is not appropriate — and provide them with adequate playtime, activities and toys to keep them both healthy and happy.
Most cat games are of the stalk-and-pounce variety — which help cats fulfill an instinct that begins as early as kittens can wobble about and play with one another! Never mind that our pampered pets receive daily helpings of specially prepared meals — such games are a part of feline genetics and are here to stay.
If your cat displays stalking behaviors, like pouncing on your feet, they are telling you they need lots of challenging activity and mental enrichment. Your cat is not trying to hurt you, make you crazy or ruin your household items. They are merely doing what their inner wiring tells them to do!
The Cat Activity Cycle
The cat activity cycle — play, catch, eat, groom, sleep, repeat — is a cat's instinctive routine driven by their internal clock. Similar to how humans' circadian rhythm influences our sleeping and eating patterns, cats have a natural pattern of activities. This activity cycle can be used to your advantage to create a routine that benefits you and your cat. If you take notice of your cat's patterns, you can predict when your cat will want playtime, mealtime and quiet time and plan your routine around this cycle. For example, if you have an important phone call to make, you could play with and feed your cat before your phone call. That way, your cat will be quietly grooming and then sleeping during your phone call, rather than trying to play or bugging you for food. Once your cat wakes up, you can expect them to be ready for more playtime!
The Cat Prey Sequence
Cats are natural predators, meaning they seek to catch and eat prey. Similar to the cat activity cycle, cats’ predatory behavior consists of a pattern or sequence of activities — staring, stalking or chasing, pouncing or grabbing, and then biting and eating. Most cats are trying to complete this sequence when they play, however not all types of play allow for this. Play or enrichment activities that allow a cat to complete the entire prey sequence are ideal because they are the most rewarding and fulfilling for the cat! Keep this prey sequence in mind when playing with your overexcited and energetic cat. By fulfilling their instinctual desires and natural behaviors through play, we are helping to reduce their stress, frustration and overstimulation. For more information on utilizing the cat prey sequence, check out: How to Socialize an Overstimulated Cat.
Tantalizing Toys
Many people love having cats as pets because they’re fairly low-maintenance — well, compared to dogs, anyway! While it’s true that some cats will be perfectly content to chase that same little ball around the house day after day, most cats need more variety and excitement in their lives. Without enough of the right toys, cats start seeking out their own fun — which often doesn’t align with human ideas of appropriate cat play.
You may be thinking, “I have tons of toys scattered all over my house and my cat never plays with any of them!” While the toys you have for your cat are probably wonderful, they may be bored with seeing them all the time — they have lost their initial interest and become part of the surrounding furniture. Here are our tips for promoting play with toys:
- Rotate your toys. Put all the toys away except for a select few, and regularly rotate the toys out for your cat. They will be excited every time you bring out an old favorite.
- Introduce catnip. Some cats can’t resist anything with catnip. There are toys that have catnip inside or a pouch to hold catnip, and you can even rub other toys in catnip before rotating in a new selection from your stash. Please note: For some easily overexcited cats, catnip can cause them to become overstimulated and even more energetic. When introducing your cat to catnip, observe how they react to it and notice whether it is having a positive effect.
- Buy interactive toys. Interactive toys are a great way to provide your cat with exciting play, attention and exercise rather than having your cat play alone. Examples include the Cat Dancer (wire with cardboard bits on the end) or wand toys (a stick with a string and a toy tied to the end). Most cats love these because you can make these toys "behave" like prey by waving them in the air like birds or zipping them across the floor like mice. With interactive toys, you don't have to run around to toss the toy for your cat. Please note: Remember to put toys with string or cord parts away when not in use to prevent injury or harm.
- Get toys that play. These keep your cat busy when you’re not home or are unable to play with them. Try a toy with a ball on a track, with a cardboard scratcher in the middle. Many cats love these, and the dual nature of the toy makes it even more interesting and versatile. If your cat likes to stalk furry toys or is very active, try a scratching post with toys on an elastic cord. While these products are designed for self-entertainment, your cat should not be left alone with any string toys for long periods of time, and they should be put away when you’re not home.
- Encourage fun, avoid frustration. Avoid play that can frustrate or discourage your cat. Allow your cat to "catch" and succeed during play, completing the cat prey sequence. Finish a play session by giving your cat a treat to signify the end of play time. Avoid laser pointers because your cat cannot "catch" the laser. Not only is this frustrating for cats, but it can create obsession and unhealthy fixation. Instead, use toys that your cat can chase AND physically interact with!
Ouch! Dealing With Feisty Felines
Many of us have experienced a cat who just doesn’t seem to know how to play gently. Perhaps the cat plays nicely then suddenly grabs onto a human hand and “bunny kicks” and bites, or seems addicted to stalking and pouncing on human fingers and toes. Here are ways we can teach our cats how to channel their natural drive appropriately:
- Know the signs, prevent the bite: Before cats bite or scratch, they display subtle signs of overstimulation. If you know what body language to look for, you will be able to stop interacting and playing with your cat before things escalate. Signs your cat is becoming overstimulated and may bite or scratch include: wide eyes with dilated (large) pupils, purring, loud meowing, growling or other vocalizations, rippling fur or skin on the back, excessive rubbing on you or weaving through your legs, high and stiff vibrating tail or twitching tail tip, large side-to-side swooping tail and puffed up fur or tail (piloerection). If your cat displays these signs during play or interactions, calmly and slowly move away from your cat. End the play session and give them some time to cool down. If they are determined to continue playing with you, redirect them using a wand toy or treat. You can also encourage them to enjoy some solo play by offering them mental enrichment such as a licky mat or treat ball. For an example of what overstimulation can look like and how to manage it, check out this video: Working with Overstimulated Cats.
- Teach kittens and cats to play with toys only. It’s common to encourage kittens to play by “wrestling” with our hands. Then they grow up and want to play the same fun games, but don’t understand that their adult teeth and claws hurt humans. By using toys from the beginning, any game you played with your kitten can continue to be safely played when they become an adult.
- Avoid playing rough with your cat. If you play “wiggle the toes under the blanket,” you may end up with a cat who wants to attack your feet at night. Or, if you play “bat the fingers,” you may end up with a cat who will try to grab and wrestle with your hands if you try to pet them. If you never teach your cat that these games are appropriate, you won’t have to retrain them to play differently later in life. Instead, play the same entertaining wrestling and stalking games with a toy.
- Freeze to retrain. If your cat is already playing rough, unwanted games, all is not lost — you can train a cat to play more gently! First, immediately stop responding. Any response from you is rewarding the cat with attention. If your cat grabs your hand, arm or leg, freeze and don’t move until they let go. You want to become as uninteresting as possible, so they lose interest. When they let go, immediately praise them, give them attention (or perhaps a small treat) and begin playing with them with an appropriate toy instead of your hands or feet. If you are consistent, they will realize that they have far more fun playing with other things (toys) than attacking you.
Please Note: If you are bitten by a cat, immediately clean the wound and seek medical care. If untreated, cat bites can lead to serious health complications, as cat mouths contain harmful bacteria and cat teeth can puncture very deeply.
For additional information on overstimulation: Check out our YouTube playlist: Impulse Control, Overstimulation, DSCC & Choice.
Mental Enrichment
Mental enrichment is important for all animals, but especially those who are energetic and easily overexcited. This can be anything that works your pet's brain and fulfills their natural species-specific needs. Think: puzzles, brain games, sniffing, foraging, digging, licking, hunting and even training!
- Give your cat a job! Dig into our YouTube playlist: Enrichment Resources. Check out our article, Enrichment: Indoor Activities.
- Consider Feline Nosework: Feline Nosework (petsradar.com) and Feline Nosework class (Hannah Fushihara).
- Additional enrichment ideas: Feline Enrichment Facebook Group
Midnight Marauders
Many people wonder why their cat, normally so calm during the day, can suddenly become hyperactive as soon as the lights go off. This is because cats are nocturnal! Since housecats no longer need to stalk their nightly meals, they find other ways to amuse themselves and fulfil their instincts telling them to roam about in the dark.
Depending on the cat, this behavior is expressed in different ways. Some cats will pounce on human fingers or toes hanging over the side of a bed. Others will run laps around the house. Some will very delicately knock items off shelves, one at a time, enjoying the racket each item makes when it hits the floor. Many simply wander the perimeter of the home, yowling periodically.
Fortunately, there are some measures you can take to help lessen your kitty’s energy levels overnight:
- Tire your cat out by keeping them up during the day. Make sure your cat gets lots of playtime during waking hours with plenty of different toys. If they aren't able to sleep the day away, they’ll be ready for shut eye when nighttime comes.
- Increase mental activity to make your cat sleepy. Find ways to keep your cat entertained at home, even when you are not there to be a part of the action. Implement more challenging enrichment to work your kitty's brain during the day, put on some Cat TV, install a bird feeder outside a window or get a small fish tank (with a secure cover!). Tip: watch your cat to make sure they are not overly frustrated by seeing birds or fish while unable to “get” to them.
- Utilize the cat activity cycle. In addition to tiring out your cat during the day, you can also try to sync their activity cycle with yours. Before bedtime, play with your cat and then encourage them to begin winding down by giving them a meal or snack in the form of calming, long-lasting mental enrichment, like a Kong or licky mat. In theory, your cat should begin grooming and then fall asleep once they have finished their enrichment, allowing you to enjoy a good night's sleep.
- Take your cat for walks on a leash and harness. While you must go slowly when introducing your cat to a harness and walking on a leash outside, many cats enjoy this! In addition to providing them with some physical activity, the many sights and smells provide for lots of mental activity as well. It is a safe way to allow your cat to enjoy the great outdoors without the risk of them wandering too far from you or home. Tip: Before taking your cat outdoors, make sure they are microchipped, wearing a break-away collar and ID tag and up to date on all vaccinations and flea and tick preventatives. Always keep a vigilant watch for dogs or other threats coming your way.
- Consider getting another cat. If you have a single cat who is overexcited and easily bored, sometimes the best solution is to get a second cat! Instead of seeking entertainment, play and attention from you, they can get it from each other. This means your cat will likely not be sleeping all day when you’re away. Many cats are social and with a proper, slow introduction, most greatly appreciate feline companionship. When looking for a cat companion for your energetic cat, consider one that has similar energy levels and personality to your resident cat. Please note that not all cats would want or benefit from a second cat in the home — some may prefer solo enrichment and mental stimulation. (For information on how to introduce cats, check out: Introducing Cats).
- Try these night-time management tips. If daytime tactics don’t work, there are a few other options you can try. If your cat can stand to be separated from you, try shutting the bedroom door and leaving the cat with the rest of the house at night. You may also consider sleeping with earplugs — some of the foam varieties are comfortable and block out most kitty noise.
Avoid Punishment
When a cat acts in inappropriate ways, the key is to use positive reinforcement to teach your cat what you want them to do instead. Always remember that punishing a cat will never properly stop the behavior — it can only suppress the “symptoms” of a behavior, rather than addressing the underlying cause of it. Punishment will only confuse your cat and potentially make your cat afraid of you. Instead, try to fulfill their needs and manage the environment — using the many tips we’ve shared — so your cat's undesired behavior is no longer necessary. Find a way to channel your cat’s play interests and instincts into activities that keep them healthy, happy and regarded as a wonderful member of the family.
More Behavior & Training Resources
San Diego Humane Society offers training classes and resources to address a variety of needs for companion animals.
Our training philosophy is based on the behavioral science concepts of positive reinforcement. Training your pet using these concepts will not only help them learn new behaviors more quickly, but it will also strengthen the bond you share.
Please visit our website for a current schedule of training classes or call 619-279-5961.
